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The seal between the nail and finger acts as a physical barrier to prevent infection, however hyper-hydration or destruction of the epidermis can impair the barrier, allowing the bacteria to colonise. [medical citation needed] The nail turns green due to the bacteria secreting pigments such as pyocyanin [3] [4] and pyoverdin. [9]
Chronic paronychia is an infection of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail of a finger or, less commonly, a toe, lasting more than six weeks. [4] It is a nail disease prevalent in individuals whose hands or feet are subject to moist local environments, and is often due to contact dermatitis .
Subungual hematomas typically heal without incident, though infection may occur. The pressure of the blood blister may cause separation of nail plate from the nail bed (onycholysis), but the nail should not be pulled off, as this can cause scarring of the nailbed and deformed nails. [3] Nail discolouration may last some months. [4]
A case of fungal infection of the big toe Advanced fungal infection of the big toe. The most common symptom of a fungal nail infection is the nail becoming thickened and discoloured: white, black, yellow or green. As the infection progresses the nail can become brittle, with pieces breaking off or coming away from the toe or finger completely.
Dermatophyte infections occur in up to a quarter of the world's population, of which the hands and feet are most commonly involved. [3] It occurs worldwide. [ 3 ] One large study revealed around 84% of tinea manuum was associated with athlete's foot, of which 80% admitted scratching their feet, and 60% were male, [ 6 ]
A whitlow or felon is an infection of the tip of the finger. [1] [2] [a] Herpetic whitlow and melanotic whitlow (subungual melanoma) are subtypes that are not synonymous with the term felon. A felon is an "extremely painful abscess on the palmar aspect of the fingertip". [6]
Image credits: an1malpulse #5. Animal campaigners are calling for a ban on the public sale of fireworks after a baby red panda was thought to have died from stress related to the noise.
Kanavel's sign is a clinical sign found in patients with infection of a flexor tendon sheath in the hand (pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis), a serious condition which can cause rapid loss of function of the affected finger. [1] The sign consists of four components: [2] the affected finger is held in slight flexion.