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One part per hundred thousand, per cent mille (pcm) or milli-percent denotes one part per 100,000 (10 5) parts, and a value of 10 −5. It is commonly used in epidemiology for mortality, crime and disease prevalence rates, and nuclear reactor engineering as a unit of reactivity.
The word promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille. [7] [4] The symbol is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode at U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN. [5] There is also an Arabic-Indic per mille sign at U+0609 ؉ ARABIC-INDIC PER MILLE SIGN.
Two very similar expressions for δ 15 N are in wide use in hydrology. [2] Both have the form ‰ (‰ = permil or parts per thousand) where s and a are the relative abundances of 15 N in respectively the sample and the atmosphere.
Foraminifera samples. In geochemistry, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography δ 13 C (pronounced "delta thirteen c") is an isotopic signature, a measure of the ratio of the two stable isotopes of carbon— 13 C and 12 C—reported in parts per thousand (per mil, ‰). [1]
The salt concentration is usually expressed in parts per thousand (permille, ... The salt concentration in slightly saline water is 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3% ...
Various ways of expressing fineness have been used and two remain in common use: millesimal fineness expressed in units of parts per 1,000 [1] and karats or carats used only for gold. Karats measure the parts per 24, so that 18 karat = 18 ⁄ 24 = 750 ‰ and 24 karat gold is considered 100% gold. [2]
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1 volume percent = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 10 6. Care must be taken with the concentrations expressed as ppbv to differentiate between the British billion which is 10 12 and the USA billion which is 10 9 (also referred to as the long scale and short scale billion, respectively).