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The right to a healthy environment uses a human rights approach to protect environmental quality; this approach addresses the impact of environmental harm upon individual humans, as opposed to the more traditional approach of environmental regulation which focuses on impacts to other states or the environment itself. [8]
The human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is a resolution by the United Nations General Assembly and before that the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC, as HRC/RES/48/13), that recognizes a healthy environment as a human right.
While environmental rights are mentioned in a number of state constitutions, the state of Pennsylvania was the first to pass an actual environmental rights amendment [4] as part of their state's bill of rights in 1971. Montana added environmental rights in 1972. [5] It was not until 2022 that New York state [6] added an environmental rights ...
The right to privacy is a fundamental human right firmly grounded in international law. First recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights—a soft law, [51] the right is later codified in successive (hard) international human human rights treaties, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. [52] [53]
Environmentalists say the move, known as the “green amendment,” is long overdue and would enable citizens to seek redress in court if they feel their environmental rights are being violated.
In 1971, General Assembly Resolution 2581 created a 27-nation preparatory committee, whose goal was to produce a declaration concerning the "rights and obligations of citizens and Governments with regard to the preservation and improvement of the human environment" as outlined in a recommendation by the Secretary-General. [7]
Human Rights Council, 2022, A/HRC/52/44. Business and the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment—Summary of the Expert Seminar on business and the human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, 2024. A/HRC/55/41.
This declaration mentions the right to a healthy environment: "Recognizing that a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is important for the enjoyment of human rights, taking note of Human Rights Council resolution 48/13 entitled "The human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment. ” [6]