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Responsibility of water supply in Nigeria is shared between three (3) levels of government – federal, state and local.The federal government is in charge of water resources management; state governments have the primary responsibility for urban water supply; and local governments together with communities are responsible for rural water supply.
The drill scene in the village. Groundwater in Nigeria is widely used for domestic, agricultural, and industrial supplies. The Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation estimate that in 2018 60% of the total population were dependent on groundwater point sources for their main drinking water source: 73% in rural areas and 45% in urban areas. [1]
The need for public institutions addressing environmental issues in Nigeria became a necessity in the aftermath of the 1988 toxic waste affair in Koko, Nigeria. [9] This prompted the government, led by President Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida, to promulgate Decree 58 of 1988, establishing the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) as the country's environmental watchdog.
4. Hydrological Impacts. Reduced Water Supply: Desertification affects water availability, with over-exploitation of groundwater and drying up of wetlands and water sources, increasing water scarcity in affected regions. The decline in water resources can significantly impact ecosystem resilience. [64]
Sand and water on the side of the road, causing erosion on the environment Plastic bags dumped by the road side in Katete in mbarara district in western Uganda. The erosion caused by rains, rivers and winds as well as over-use of soils for agriculture and low use of manures have resulted in turning the soils infertile, as for example, in the plains of the Nile and the Orange River.
Pollution reduction represents a more direct and low-cost method to improve water quality, compared to costly and extensive wastewater treatment improvements. [29] Various policy measures and infrastructure systems could help limit water pollution in developing countries. These include: [45]
The Nworie river is used as a source of drinking water when the public water system fails, but it is subject to intensive human and industrial activities. The Nworie is polluted by organic wastes but levels of chemical pollution was not accepted in 2008. [5] Waste management in Owerri is inefficient and contributes to pollution of the river.
Climate in Nigeria has an extreme impact on the gully formations. For an area that is predominantly dry, the intensity of the rain often leads to flooding and large amounts of water in one location. The rainfall in Nigeria can be considered aggressive, with large raindrop sizes and high amounts being released at once.