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In phonetics, vowel roundedness is the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel. It is labialization of a vowel. When a rounded vowel is pronounced, the lips form a circular opening, and unrounded vowels are pronounced with the lips relaxed. In most languages, front vowels tend to be unrounded, and back vowels tend
near-open central unrounded vowel: German besser, Catalan mare: 3: ɜ: open-mid central unrounded vowel: English bird: a: a~ä: open front unrounded vowel/ open central unrounded vowel: Spanish barra, French bateau, German Haar, Italian pazzo} ʉ: close central rounded vowel: Scottish English pool, Swedish sju: 8: ɵ: close-mid central rounded ...
For many of the languages that have only one phonemic front unrounded vowel in the mid-vowel area (neither close nor open), the vowel is pronounced as a true mid vowel and is phonetically distinct from either a close-mid or open-mid vowel. Examples are Basque, Spanish, Romanian, Japanese, Turkish, Finnish, Greek, Hejazi Arabic, Serbo-Croatian ...
For example, in the Athabaskan language Hupa, voiceless velar fricatives distinguish three degrees of labialization, transcribed either /x/, /x̹/, /xʷ/ or /x/, /x̜ʷ/, /xʷ/. The extensions to the IPA has two additional symbols for degrees of rounding: Spread [ɹ͍] and open-rounded [ʒꟹ] (as in English).
Some languages, though, have a palatal approximant that is unspecified for rounding, and therefore cannot be considered the semivocalic equivalent of either [y] or its unrounded counterpart . An example of such a language is Spanish, in which the labialized palatal approximant (not a semivowel) appears allophonically with rounded vowels in ...
It has thus been argued that the historically open-mid vowels remain underlyingly, giving Spanish seven vowel phonemes. [ 75 ] Because of substratal Quechua , at least some speakers from southern Colombia down through Peru can be analyzed to have only three vowel phonemes /i, u, a/ , as the close [i, u] are continually confused with the mid [e ...
A centralized vowel is a vowel that is more central than some point of reference, or that has undergone a shift in this direction. The diacritic for this in the International Phonetic Alphabet is the diaeresis, U+0308 ̈ COMBINING DIAERESIS. For example, to transcribe rounded and unrounded near-close central vowels, the symbols [ɪ̈, ʊ̈] may ...
The spread-lip diacritic ͍ may also be used with a rounded vowel letter o͍ as an ad hoc symbol, but 'spread' technically means unrounded. Only Wu Chinese is known to contrast it with the more typical protruded (endolabial) close-mid back vowel, but the height of both vowels varies from close to close-mid. [6]