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Werner Karl Heisenberg (/ ˈ h aɪ z ən b ɜːr ɡ /; [2] German: [ˈvɛʁnɐ ˈhaɪzn̩bɛʁk] ⓘ; 5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) [3] was a German theoretical physicist, one of the main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics and a principal scientist in the Nazi nuclear weapons program during World War II.
J. Robert Oppenheimer (born Julius Robert Oppenheimer; / ˈ ɒ p ən h aɪ m ər / OP-ən-hy-mər; April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist who served as the director of the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II.
Yoshio Nishina (仁科 芳雄, Nishina Yoshio, December 6, 1890 – January 10, 1951) was a Japanese physicist who was called "the founding father of modern physics research in Japan". He led the efforts of Japan to develop an atomic bomb during World War II. [1]
Bruno Rossi – co-director of the Detector Group, Cornell physics faculty 1942-1946; Harvey L. Slatin – physicist and inventor who worked on the isolation of plutonium with the Special Engineering Detachment; LaRoy Thompson – Cornell class of 1942, physically assembled the first bomb and flew the practice bombing run at Bikini Island.
He worked for the Manhattan Project's Metallurgical Laboratory at the University of Chicago on aspects of nuclear reactor design, where he was the chief physicist. He drafted the Szilard petition advocating a non-lethal demonstration of the atomic bomb, but the Interim Committee chose to use them in a military strike instead.
Weighing 14 pounds and responsible for 80,000 deaths, the heart of the "Fat Man" atomic bomb was detonated on August 9, 1945, over the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Related: Iconic photos from WWII:
Theodore Alvin Hall (October 20, 1925 – November 1, 1999) was an American physicist and an atomic spy for the Soviet Union, who, during his work on United States efforts to develop the first and second atomic bombs during World War II (the Manhattan Project), gave a detailed description of the "Fat Man" plutonium bomb, and of several processes for purifying plutonium, to Soviet intelligence.
McAllister Hull (September 1, 1923 – February 9, 2011) was a North American theoretical physicist who took part in the creation of the atomic bomb that was dropped over Nagasaki in 1945, ending World War II.