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Cortical deafness is a rare form of sensorineural hearing loss caused by damage to the primary auditory cortex.Cortical deafness is an auditory disorder where the patient is unable to hear sounds but has no apparent damage to the structures of the ear (see auditory system).
The auditory cortex takes part in the spectrotemporal, meaning involving time and frequency, analysis of the inputs passed on from the ear. The cortex then filters and passes on the information to the dual stream of speech processing. [5] The auditory cortex's function may help explain why particular brain damage leads to particular outcomes.
Sensory hearing loss often occurs as a consequence of damaged or deficient cochlear hair cells. [disputed – discuss] Hair cells may be abnormal at birth or damaged during the lifetime of an individual. There are both external causes of damage, including infection, and ototoxic drugs, as well as intrinsic causes, including genetic mutations.
The auditosensory cortex is the part of the auditory system that is associated with the sense of hearing in humans. It occupies the bilateral primary auditory cortex in the temporal lobe of the mammalian brain. [1]
Structural damage to hair cells (primarily the outer hair cells) will result in hearing loss that can be characterized by an attenuation and distortion of incoming auditory stimuli. During hair cell death 'scars' develop, which prevent potassium rich fluid of the endolymph from mixing with the fluid on the basal domain. [ 86 ]
The damage in these cases tended to focus around the temporal pole. Consistently, removal of the anterior temporal lobe was also associated with loss of music perception, [64] and recordings directly from the anterior auditory cortex revealed that in both hemispheres, music is perceived medially to speech. [65]
The superior temporal gyrus also includes Wernicke's area, which (in most people) is located in the left hemisphere. It is the major area involved in the comprehension of language. The superior temporal gyrus is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition. [2] [3]
Phonagnosia is an auditory agnosia, an acquired auditory processing disorder resulting from brain damage. Other auditory agnosias include cortical deafness and auditory verbal agnosia also known as pure word deafness.