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In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities. [1]
With = and a suitable value of the line will be tangent to (,) at the molar volume of each coexisting phase, saturated liquid, (), and saturated vapor, (); there will be a double tangent. Furthermore, each of these points is characterized by the same value of g {\displaystyle g} as well as the same values of p {\displaystyle p} and T R ...
The volume of material is considered to have failed by extensive plastic flow when the distortional energy Τ d reaches the critical value Τ D,0 or by extensive dilatation when the dilatational energy Τ v reaches a critical value Τ V,0. The two critical values Τ D,0 and Τ V,0 are considered material constants independent of the shape of ...
The values of all other property discontinuities across the saturation curve also follow from this solution. [ 40 ] These functions define the coexistence curve which is the locus of the saturated liquid and saturated vapor states of the van der Waals fluid.
The liquid–liquid critical point of a solution, which occurs at the critical solution temperature, occurs at the limit of the two-phase region of the phase diagram. In other words, it is the point at which an infinitesimal change in some thermodynamic variable (such as temperature or pressure) leads to separation of the mixture into two ...
The largest and the lowest solution are the gas and liquid reduced volume. In this situation, the Maxwell construction is sometimes used to model the pressure as a function of molar volume. The compressibility factor Z = P V m / R T {\displaystyle Z=PV_{\text{m}}/RT} is often used to characterize non-ideal behavior.
where α is an exponent specific to the system (e.g. in the absence of a potential field, α = 3/2), z is exp(μ/k B T) where μ is the chemical potential, Li is the polylogarithm, ζ is the Riemann zeta function, and T c is the critical temperature at which a Bose–Einstein condensate begins to form.
By adding a correction factor, known as the activity (, the activity of the i th component) to the liquid phase fraction of a liquid mixture, some of the effects of the real solution can be accounted for. The activity of a real chemical is a function of the thermodynamic state of the system, i.e. temperature and pressure.