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Thus, A 0 refers to the first A above C 0 and middle C (the one-line octave's C or simply c′) is denoted as C 4 in SPN. For example, C 4 is one note above B 3, and A 5 is one note above G 5. The octave number is tied to the alphabetic character used to describe the pitch, with the division between note letters ‘B’ and ‘C’, thus:
C 4 (approximately 261.626 Hz [3]) may be called Low C by someone playing a Western concert flute, which has a higher and narrower playing range than the piano, while C 5 (523.251 Hz) would be middle C. This practice has led some to encourage standardizing on C 4 as the definitive middle C in instructional materials across all instruments. [4]
In scientific pitch notation, a specific octave is indicated by a numerical subscript number after note name. In this notation, middle C is C 4, because of the note's position as the fourth C key on a standard 88-key piano keyboard, while the C an octave higher is C 5.
An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and Middle C (cyan) and A440 (yellow) highlighted A printable version of the standard key frequencies (only including the 88 keys on a standard piano) Values in bold are exact on an idealized standard piano.
These numbers provide numerical alternatives to the letter names of elementary music theory: 0 = C, 1 = C ♯ /D ♭, 2 = D, 2.5 = D (quarter tone sharp), 3 = D ♯ /E ♭, and so on. In this system, pitch classes represented by integers are classes of twelve-tone equal temperament (assuming standard concert A).
Scientific pitch, also known as philosophical pitch, Sauveur pitch or Verdi tuning, is an absolute concert pitch standard which is based on middle C (C 4) being set to 256 Hz rather than approximately 261.63 Hz, [1] making it approximately 31.77 cents lower than the common A440 pitch standard.
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This chart uses standard numberings for octaves where middle C corresponds to C 4. In the MIDI language middle C is referred to as MIDI note number 60. The lowest note that a pipe organ can sound (with a true pipe) is C −1 (or CCCC), which is 8 Hz, below the range of human hearing and not visible on this chart. However, if acoustic ...