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Cardiac arrest (also known as sudden cardiac arrest [SCA] [11]) is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. [ 12 ] [ 1 ] When the heart stops beating, blood cannot properly circulate around the body and the blood flow to the brain and other organs is decreased.
About 30% of people have atypical symptoms. [8] Women more often present without chest pain and instead have neck pain, arm pain or feel tired. [11] Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. [12] An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat, cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest. [3] [4]
Symptoms include chest pain or angina, shortness of breath, and fatigue. [6]A completely blocked coronary artery will cause a heart attack. [6] Common heart attack symptoms include chest pain or angina, pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck jaw, teeth or the upper belly, cold sweats, fatigue, heartburn, nausea, shortness of breath, or lightheadedness.
Another emergency that can lead to cardiac arrest, commotio cordis, is a disruption of heart rhythm after a blow to the area directly over the heart at a key time during a heartbeat cycle.
Researchers analyzed data from 259 women and 996 men in the Netherlands who survived at least 30 days after a cardiac arrest that took place outside a hospital between 2009 and 2015.
Heart disease in women goes undetected prior to a major cardiac event in up to 60% of cases. [19] Among women who experience a heart attack, many do not have any prior chest pain. [19] Due to alterations in sensory pathways, diabetic and elderly individuals also may present without any chest pain and may have atypical symptoms similar to those ...