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Phonological rules can be roughly divided into four types: Assimilation: When a sound changes one of its features to be more similar to an adjacent sound. This is the kind of rule that occurs in the English plural rule described above—the -s becomes voiced or voiceless depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is voiced.
The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...
The Sound Pattern of English (frequently referred to as SPE) is a 1968 work on phonology (a branch of linguistics) by Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle. In spite of its title, it presents not only a view of the phonology of English, but also contains discussions of a large variety of phonological phenomena of many other languages. The index lists ...
In English, rule A precedes rule B. We can derive the surface form of prince by applying the rules to the underlying form /prɪns/ (x in the generalization above). Using rule A, /prɪns/ becomes prɪnts (y in the generalization above); using rule B, which can now be applied as there is a voiceless stop in a word-final coda, prɪnts becomes ...
Phonology also includes topics such as phonotactics (the phonological constraints on what sounds can appear in what positions in a given language) and phonological alternation (how the pronunciation of a sound changes through the application of phonological rules, sometimes in a given order that can be feeding or bleeding, [16]) as well as ...
The term allomorph describes the realization of phonological variations for a specific morpheme. [1] The different allomorphs that a morpheme can become are governed by morphophonemic rules. These phonological rules determine what phonetic form, or specific pronunciation , a morpheme will take based on the phonological or morphological context ...
Bleeding order is a term used in phonology to describe specific interactions of phonological rules. The term was introduced in 1968 by Paul Kiparsky. [1] If two phonological rules are said to be in bleeding order, the application of the first rule creates a context in which the second rule can no longer apply.
An example of a deletion rule (for /r/-deletion in English RP) is provided by Giegerich. [16] If we start with the premise that the underlying form of the word "hear" has a final /r/ and has the phonological form /hɪər/, we need to be able to explain how /r/ is deleted at the end of "hear" but is not deleted in the derived word "hearing".