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The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul [a] or Hangeul [b] in South Korea (English: / ˈ h ɑː n ɡ uː l / HAHN-gool; [1] Korean: 한글; Korean pronunciation: [ha(ː)n.ɡɯɭ] ⓘ) and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea (조선글; North Korean pronunciation [tsʰo.sʰɔn.ɡɯɭ]), is the modern writing system for the Korean language.
The Korean language has diverged between North and South Korea due to the length of time that the two states have been separated. [1]The Korean Language Society in 1933 made the "Proposal for Unified Korean Orthography" (Korean: 한글 맞춤법 통일안; RR: Hangeul Matchumbeop Tong-iran), which continued to be used by both Korean states after the end of Japanese rule in 1945.
The New Korean Orthography was a spelling reform used in North Korea from 1948 to 1954. It added five consonants and one vowel letter to the Hangul alphabet, supposedly making it a more morphophonologically "clear" approach to the Korean language. Its use has since been discontinued and the standard writing system is the same version of Hangul ...
Romanization of Korean is the official Korean-language romanization system in North Korea. Announced by the Sahoe Kwahagwŏn , it is an adaptation of the older McCune–Reischauer system, [ 1 ] which it replaced in 1992, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and it was updated in 2002 [ 3 ] [ 4 ] and 2012.
The North and South differ on (a) the treatment of composite jamo consonants in syllable-leading (choseong) and -trailing (jongseong) position, and (b) on the treatment of composite jamo vowels in syllable-medial (jungseong) position. This first sequence is official in South Korea (and is the basic binary order of codepoints in Unicode):
An example of North Korean standard language as spoken by the translator and Kim Jong Un at the 2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit. North Korean standard language or Munhwaŏ (Korean: 문화어; Hancha: 文化語; lit. "cultural language") is the North Korean standard version of the Korean language. Munhwaŏ was adopted as the ...
The script is now the primary and most commonplace method to write the Korean language, and is known as hangul (한글) in South Korea, from han (한; 韓), as in 'Korea', and gul (글), 'script'. In North Korea, the script is known as joseongul (조선글; 朝鮮글). The promulgation of the indigenous script is celebrated as a national ...
The inscription on a statue of King Sejong, illustrating the original forms of the letters. It reads 세종대왕, Sejong Daewang. Note the dots on the vowels, the geometric symmetry of s and j in the first two syllables, the asymmetrical lip at the top-left of the d in the third, and the distinction between initial and final ieung in the last.