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A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a typically conical volcano built up by many alternating layers of hardened lava and tephra. [1] Unlike shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and explosive eruptions. [2] Some have collapsed summit craters called calderas. [3]
The typical stratocone is an andesitic to dacitic volcano that is associated with subduction zones. They are also known as either stratified volcano, composite cone, bedded volcano, cone of mixed type or Vesuvian-type volcano. [1] [2]
The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory monitors volcanic activity and ... [41] [40] The ash-flow tuff is a composite sheet consisted of three ... Diagram of the ...
Cinder cones are also commonly found on the flanks of shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, and calderas. [3] For example, geologists have identified nearly 100 cinder cones on the flanks of Mauna Kea, a shield volcano located on the island of Hawaii. [3] Such cinder cones likely represent the final stages of activity of a mafic volcano. [11]
The volcano partly overlaps with two older volcanoes, Baruta and Shaheru, and is also surrounded by hundreds of small volcanic cinder cones from flank eruptions. [citation needed] Nyiragongo's cone consists of pyroclastics and lava flows. [6] Nyiragongo's lavas are low-silica, alkali-rich, ultramafic extrusive rocks essentially free of feldspars.
Volcanoes known to have Surtseyan activity include: Surtsey, Iceland. The volcano built itself up from depth and emerged above the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Iceland in 1963. Initial hydrovolcanics were highly explosive, but as the volcano grew, rising lava interacted less with water and more with air, until finally Surtseyan activity ...
Socompa is a 6,051-metre-high (19,852 ft) [b] [c] [27] composite volcano [4] consisting of a central cone and several lava domes; [28] it is the most voluminous conical volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone [29] and one of the highest edifices there, rising more than 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) above the surrounding terrain. [30]
A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano or a volcanic complex, is a mixed landform consisting of related volcanic centers and their associated lava flows and pyroclastic rock. [1] They may form due to changes in eruptive habit or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano. [ 2 ]