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Also known as the tulip break virus, lily streak virus, lily mosaic virus, or simply TBV, tulip breaking virus is most famous for its dramatic effects on the color of the tulip perianth, an effect highly sought after during the 17th-century Dutch "tulip mania". [3] Tulip breaking virus is a potyvirus. [4]
Through bulb-grafting experiments, she found that "Tulip Breaking" could be transferred from one plant to another, rather than being genetic in nature. She concluded that the infectious agent was a virus as the filtrate of an infected bulb did not cause "breaking", and that the virus was probably spread by aphids. [3]
It is now known that this effect is due to the bulbs being infected with a type of tulip-specific mosaic virus, known as the "tulip breaking virus", so called because it "breaks" the one petal colour into two or more. [27] [28] Less conspicuously, the virus also progressively impairs the tulip's production of daughter bulbs. [29]
Variegation produced by the tulip breaking virus. Botrytis tulipae is a major fungal disease affecting tulips, causing cell death and eventually the rotting of the plant. [26] Other pathogens include anthracnose, bacterial soft rot, blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, bulb nematodes, other rots including blue molds, black molds and mushy rot. [27]
The striping caused by tulip breaking virus, first described in 1576 by Carolus Clusius, was the second plant virus disease to be documented. The effects were much prized by 17th-century tulip growers. Credit: Unknown (before 1640) Portal:Viruses/Selected picture/32
Lily mottle virus is spread by aphids and in horticulture during vegetative propagation by splitting the lily bulb. LMoV was regarded as a synonym for a subtype of the Tulip Breaking Virus (TBV) that occurs in lilies, although since 2005 it has been classified as a closely related but independent virus species of the genus Potyvirus.
It was not known at the time that the stripes were caused by a plant virus, which became known as the tulip breaking virus, accidentally transferred by humans to tulips from jasmine. [81] Weakened by the virus, the plants turned out to be a poor investment. Only a few bulbs produced flowers with the attractive characteristics of their parent ...
Contemporary tulip owners commonly had Rembrandt and other artists paint their flowers to preserve them for posterity, hence the 'broken' tulips were known as Rembrandt tulips at that time. Another modern variety is 'Princess Irene'. [53] [54] [55] One of the tulip breaking viruses is also named the Rembrandt tulip-breaking virus (ReTBV). [56] [57]