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The morning star first came into widespread use around the beginning of the fourteenth century, particularly in Germany where it was known as Morgenstern. [1] The term is often confused with the military flail (fléau d'armes in French and Kriegsflegel in German), which typically consists of a wooden shaft joined by a length of chain to one or more iron-shod wooden bars.
In China, a very similar weapon to the long-handled peasant flail is known as the two-section staff, and Korea has a weapon called a pyeongon. [19] [20] [21] In Japan, there is also a version of the smaller ball-on-a-chain flail called a chigiriki. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the long-handled flail is found in use in India.
An assortment of club weapons from the Wujing Zongyao from left to right: flail, metal bat, double flail, truncheon, mace, barbed mace. A club (also known as a cudgel, baton, bludgeon, truncheon, cosh, nightstick, or impact weapon) is a short staff or stick, usually made of wood, wielded as a weapon or tool [1] since prehistory.
The modern name "caltrop" is derived from the Old English calcatrippe (heel-trap), [6] [7] such as in the French usage chausse-trape (shoe-trap). The Latin word tribulus originally referred to this and provides part of the modern scientific name of a plant commonly called the caltrop, Tribulus terrestris, whose spiked seed cases resemble caltrops and can injure feet and puncture bicycle tires.
The name derives from the Afrikaans word knop, meaning knob or ball and the Khoekhoe or San word kirri, meaning walking stick. [2] The name has been extended to similar weapons used by the native peoples of Australia, the Pacific islands, and other places, [3] and was also used in the British army.
The tree produces spiky green fruits about the size of a golf ball, which turn brown and drop off the tree over an extended period beginning in fall and continuing over the winter.
The entries are grouped according to their uses, with rough classes set aside for very similar weapons. Some weapons may fit more than one category (e.g. the spear may be used either as a polearm or as a projectile), and the earliest gunpowder weapons which fit within the period are also included.
Image credits: BeardedAxiom People's fascination with true crime isn't something new. Ever since the moveable type was invented in the 1400s, stories of crime and unsolved cases fascinated people ...