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A water clock uses the flow of water to measure time. If viscosity is neglected, the physical principle required to study such clocks is Torricelli's law. Two types of water clock exist: inflow and outflow. In an outflow water clock, a container is filled with water, and the water is drained slowly and evenly out of the container.
The water clock was created by Bernard Gitton, a French physical chemist and artist who combines those two studies by creating water clocks, water calculators, fountains, and other items of art and science. Bernard began making items of artistic science in 1979, at the age of 43, when he left the world of research science to create scientific art.
Islamic water clocks, which used complex gear trains and included arrays of automata, were unrivalled in their sophistication until the mid-14th century. [40] [41] Liquid-driven mechanisms (using heavy floats and a constant-head system) were developed that enabled water clocks to work at a slower rate. [41]
A reproduction of the elephant clock in the Ibn Battuta Mall, Dubai. A reproduction in Kasımiye Medrese, Mardin, Turkey. The timing mechanism is based on a water-filled basin hidden inside the elephant. In the bucket is a deep bowl floating in the water, but with a small hole in the centre. The bowl takes half an hour to fill through this hole.
Modern water clock by Bernard Gitton Bernard Gitton ( French pronunciation: [bɛʁnaʁ ʒitɔ̃] ); born 24 June 1935 [ 1 ] ) is a French physicist and artist who has built modern water clocks , fountains and other devices relating art and science.
The clock was designed by the French artist Bernard Gitton and set up in 1982. The water clock displays the time by filling glass spheres with brightly colored liquid, in a cycle that repeats every 12 hours. The whole system is controlled by a pendulum swinging in the lower half of the clock. [2]
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A model of the water clock. The Borugak Jagyeongnu ("Water Clock of Borugak Pavilion"), classified as a scientific instrument, is the 229th National Treasure of South Korea and was designated by the South Korean government on March 3, 1985. The water clock is currently held and managed by the National Palace Museum of Korea in Seoul.