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A smooth embedding is an injective immersion f : M → N that is also a topological embedding, so that M is diffeomorphic to its image in N. An immersion is precisely a local embedding – that is, for any point x ∈ M there is a neighbourhood, U ⊆ M, of x such that f : U → N is an embedding, and conversely a local embedding is an ...
On-the-job training (widely known as OJT) is an important topic of human resource management. It helps develop the career of the individual and the prosperous growth of the organization. On-the-job training is a form of training provided at the workplace. During the training, employees are familiarized with the working environment they will ...
This image of the open interval (with boundary points identified with the arrow marked ends) is an immersed submanifold. An immersed submanifold of a manifold is the image of an immersion map :; in general this image will not be a submanifold as a subset, and an immersion map need not even be injective (one-to-one) – it can have self-intersections.
As another example, there can be no local diffeomorphism from the 2-sphere to Euclidean 2-space, although they do indeed have the same local differentiable structure. This is because all local diffeomorphisms are continuous , the continuous image of a compact space is compact, and the 2-sphere is compact whereas Euclidean 2-space is not.
An embedding, or a smooth embedding, is defined to be an immersion that is an embedding in the topological sense mentioned above (i.e. homeomorphism onto its image). [4] In other words, the domain of an embedding is diffeomorphic to its image, and in particular the image of an embedding must be a submanifold.
In mathematics, a submersion is a differentiable map between differentiable manifolds whose differential is everywhere surjective. This is a basic concept in differential topology. The notion of a submersion is dual to the notion of an immersion.
Any two knots in 3-space are equivalent by regular homotopy, though not by isotopy. This curve has total curvature 6π, and turning number 3.. The Whitney–Graustein theorem classifies the regular homotopy classes of a circle into the plane; two immersions are regularly homotopic if and only if they have the same turning number – equivalently, total curvature; equivalently, if and only if ...
If dealing with sheaves of sets instead of sheaves of abelian groups, the same definition applies. Similarly, if f: (X, O X) → (Y, O Y) is a morphism of ringed spaces, we obtain a direct image functor f ∗: Sh(X,O X) → Sh(Y,O Y) from the category of sheaves of O X-modules to the category of sheaves of O Y-modules.