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The creation of massing, and changes to it, may be additive (accumulating or repeating masses) or subtractive (creating spaces or voids in a mass by removing parts of it). [4] Massing can also be significantly altered by the materials used for the building's exterior, as transparent, reflective, or layered materials are perceived differently.
Space and mass (also Mass and volume [8]) are the primary ingredients that an architect uses to compose an architectural form. The essence of a building is the separation between the finite indoor space fit for humans and unrestricted natural environment outdoors.
The surface-area-to-volume ratio has physical dimension inverse length (L −1) and is therefore expressed in units of inverse metre (m −1) or its prefixed unit multiples and submultiples. As an example, a cube with sides of length 1 cm will have a surface area of 6 cm 2 and a volume of 1 cm 3. The surface to volume ratio for this cube is thus
The macrostructures considered here may be composed of "structural elements" which material presents a "microstructure". Whether searching to limit the stress or the deformation, macrostructure, structural element and microstructure have each, a weight Vρ, when ρ is the volumic weight of materials, in N/m 3, function of the solicitations {F 0} (for "force" in général) applied to them, of ...
Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] =, where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume. In some cases (for instance, in the United States oil and gas industry), density is loosely defined as its weight per unit volume , [ 2 ] although this is scientifically inaccurate – this quantity is more ...
In the Renaissance, an architect like Leon Battista Alberti was expected to be knowledgeable in many disciplines, including arithmetic and geometry.. The architects Michael Ostwald and Kim Williams, considering the relationships between architecture and mathematics, note that the fields as commonly understood might seem to be only weakly connected, since architecture is a profession concerned ...
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For the wet bulk density (total bulk density) this sample is weighed, giving the mass M t. For the dry bulk density, the sample is oven dried and weighed, giving the mass of soil solids, M s. The relationship between these two masses is M t = M s + M l, where M l is the mass of substances lost on oven drying (often, mostly water). The dry and ...