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Schadenfreude (/ ˈ ʃ ɑː d ən f r ɔɪ d ə /; German: [ˈʃaːdn̩ˌfʁɔʏ̯də] ⓘ; lit. Tooltip literal translation "harm-joy") is the experience of pleasure, joy, or self-satisfaction that comes from learning of or witnessing the troubles, failures, pain, suffering, or humiliation of another. It is a loanword from German.
Laut [laʊ̯t] is the German word for 'sound, phone'. In German, these two sounds are allophones occurring in complementary distribution . The allophone [ x ] occurs after back vowels and /a aː/ (for instance in Buch [buːx] 'book'), the allophone [ ç ] after front vowels (for instance in mich [mɪç] 'me/myself') and consonants (for instance ...
The German language normally uses f to indicate the sound /f/ (as used in the English word fight) and w to indicate the sound /v/ (as in victory). However, v does occur in a large number of German words, where its pronunciation is /f/ in some words but /v/ in others.
Note that the pronunciation of standard German varies slightly from region to region. In fact, it is possible to tell where most German speakers come from by their accent in standard German (not to be confused with the different German dialects). Foreign words are usually pronounced approximately as they are in the original language.
The letter q in German only ever appears in the sequence qu (/kv/), with the exception of loanwords, e.g., Coq au vin or Qigong (which is also written Chigong). The letter x (Ix, /ɪks/) occurs almost exclusively in loanwords. Native German words that are now pronounced with a /ks/ sound are usually written using chs or cks, as with Fuchs (fox).
Developments and discoveries in German-speaking nations in science, scholarship, and classical music have led to German words for new concepts, which have been adopted into English: for example the words doppelgänger and angst in psychology. Discussion of German history and culture requires some German words.
In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is the relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence. That emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length , full articulation of the vowel , and changes in tone .
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