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Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basal-cell cancer, basalioma [7] or rodent ulcer, [8] is the most common type of skin cancer. [2] It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, which may be shiny with small blood vessels running over it . [ 1 ]
The mortality rate of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinoma is around 0.3%, causing 2000 deaths per year in the US. In comparison, the mortality rate of melanoma is 15–20% and it causes 6500 deaths per year.
[1] [3] Most vulvar cancers are squamous cell cancers. [4] Other types include adenocarcinoma, melanoma, sarcoma, and basal cell carcinoma. [3] Diagnosis is suspected based on physical examination and confirmed by tissue biopsy. [1] Routine screening is not recommended. [3] Prevention may include HPV vaccination. [5]
The cure rate with Mohs surgery cited by most studies is between 97% and 99.8% for primary basal-cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer. [2]: 13 Mohs procedure is also used for squamous cell carcinoma, but with a lower cure rate. Recurrent basal-cell cancer has a lower cure rate with Mohs surgery, more in the range of 94%.
Patients may have numerous BCCs which can be treated surgically or in some patients, with topical medications. The severity of the basal-cell carcinoma determines the prognosis for most patients. Individually, BCCs rarely cause gross disfigurement, disability or death, but the scar burden and ongoing development of BCCs may be significant [14]
Basal cell carcinoma for example rarely metastasizes. [ 8 ] When tumor cells metastasize, the new tumor is called a secondary or metastatic tumor, and its cells are similar to those in the original or primary tumor . [ 9 ]