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An offstage instrument or choir part in classical music is a sound effect used in orchestral and opera which is created by having one or more instrumentalists (trumpet players, also called an "offstage trumpet call", horn players, woodwind players, percussionists, other instrumentalists) from a symphony orchestra or opera orchestra play a note, melody, or rhythm from behind the stage, or ...
"Cor solo" (natural horn) – Raoux, Paris, 1797 – Paris, Musée de la Musique (with a double-loop crook located within the body of the horn).. A crook, also sometimes called a shank, is an exchangeable segment of tubing in a natural horn (or other brass instrument, such as a natural trumpet) which is used to change the length of the pipe, altering the fundamental pitch and harmonic series ...
Turning the instrument upside down and actuating the valves may also release fluid stuck in the valve slides into the main tubing of the instrument, where it can then be emptied by turning the instrument or by using a water key on the main tubing. Some trumpet designs, notably Bach Stradivarius trumpets in B♭, lack a water key on the third ...
[7] The keyed trumpet's popularity peaked in the first decades of the 19th century, sustained by Weidinger and subsequent players throughout Europe. [8] It unlocked the chromatic scale for trumpet players, increasing the versatility of the instrument and allowing its use in the orchestra as a featured, rather than background, instrument. [9]
These include the bugle and older variants of the trumpet and horn. The trumpet was a natural brass instrument prior to about 1795, and the horn before about 1820. In the 18th century, makers developed interchangeable crooks of different lengths, which let players use a single instrument in more than one key.
This, combined with the use of crooks changing the key of the instrument, allowed composers to write fully chromatic music for the horn and almost fully chromatic music for the trumpet before the invention of piston and valve horns and trumpets in the early 19th Century. A stopped note is called gestopft in German and bouché in French. [1]
The first of these types was the Stölzel valve, bearing the name of its inventor Heinrich Stölzel, who first applied these valves to the French horn in 1814. Until that point, there had been no successful valve design, and horn players had to stop off the bell of the instrument, greatly compromising tone quality to achieve a partial chromatic scale.
A solo instrument, preferably a trumpet. The Foreword states "the trumpet should use a mute unless playing in a very large room, or with a larger string orchestra." [3] Trumpet (or English Horn, or Oboe or Clarinet) A string quartet or string orchestra (con sordini). The Foreword states that the group "if possible, should be 'off stage', or ...