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The North American P-51 Mustang makes significant use of the Meredith effect in its belly radiator design. [1]The Meredith effect is a phenomenon whereby the aerodynamic drag produced by a cooling radiator may be offset by careful design of the cooling duct such that useful thrust is produced by the expansion of the hot air in the duct.
The balls swing out as speed increases, which closes the valve, until a balance is achieved between demand and the proportional gain of the linkage and valve. A centrifugal governor is a specific type of governor with a feedback system that controls the speed of an engine by regulating the flow of fuel or working fluid , so as to maintain a ...
The size of the radiator (and thus its cooling capacity) is chosen such that it can keep the engine at the design temperature under the most extreme conditions a vehicle is likely to encounter (such as climbing a mountain whilst fully loaded on a hot day). Airflow speed through a radiator is a major influence on the heat it dissipates.
A typical nominal regulated gauge pressure from a medical oxygen regulator is 3.4 bars (50 psi), for an absolute pressure of approximately 4.4 bar and a pressure ratio of about 4.4 without back pressure, so they will have choked flow in the metering orifices for a downstream (outlet) pressure of up to about 2.3 bar absolute.
4.4 Engine cooling system. 4.5 Engine oil systems. ... (also called a speed indicator) ... Fuel pressure regulator; Fuel rail; Fuel tank.
Edmund Rumpler's 1921 Tropfenwagen was the first series-produced aerodynamically designed automobile, before the Chrysler Airflow and the Tatra 77. The frictional force of aerodynamic drag increases significantly with vehicle speed. [1] As early as the 1920s engineers began to consider automobile shape in reducing aerodynamic drag at higher speeds.
Regulators can be designed to control anything from gases or fluids, to light or electricity. Speed can be regulated by electronic, mechanical, or electro-mechanical means. Such instances include; Electronic regulators as used in modern railway sets where the voltage is raised or lowered to control the speed of the engine
In variable-flow hydronic systems, reducing pump speed or staging of pumps with boilers and chillers to suit part-load conditions is an energy efficient method of control. [5] VAV (variable air flow) systems meet the needs of large modern commercial-use buildings, with internal spaces divided into open-plan areas.