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The eggs hatch in a few days to reveal legless, C-shaped grubs. [2] Newly hatched larvae move from the midrib into the leaf where they feed as leaf miners for three to four weeks. [4] Once they are ready to pupate, the grubs spin reddish-brown cocoons in one of the main mining halls they created as larvae.
Maladera formosae, commonly known as the Asiatic garden beetle and formerly known as Maladera castanea, is a species of beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.It is native to Japan, China, South Korea, North Korea, and Russia but was introduced to North America in the 1920s where it is considered a pest of turfs, gardens, and crop fields.
Costelytra giveni was first described by B.B. Given in 1952, though he mischaracterized specimens as C. zealandica [1] [2].In 2016, Coca-Abia and Romero-Samper found differences in syntype specimens between White's (1846) C. zealandica and Given's (1952) description, and revised the species name of the latter to C. giveni after Given.
A scarab beetle grub from Australia. The C-shaped larvae, called grubs, are pale yellow or white. Most adult beetles are nocturnal, although the flower chafers and many leaf chafers are active during the day. The grubs mostly live underground or under debris, so are not exposed to sunlight.
Grubs are whitish translucent in color. The resting posture is C-shaped. Third instar is about 20–25 mm in length. Head reddish brown in color. The last abdominal segment swollen and dark particularly due to the soil ingestion. Spiracles creamy white with 9 pairs in which one pair prothoracic and eight pairs abdominal segments. [2] [5]
The eggs are white and about 3 mm in diameter. The larvae are the typical C-shaped white grubs of scarab beetles. The three larval stages can be separated by the size of their head capsule which is around 2.5–3 mm (first instar), 5–6 mm (second instar) and 10–11 mm (third instar), respectively. [10]
The grub stage is considered as a serious pest on sugarcane where they can be controlled by management of using cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical and integrated methods. [ citation needed ] In biological method, grubs can be destroy by using the parasitoid fungus Metarhizium anisopliae . [ 3 ]
The larvae are white, legless, with a darker colored head and are often C-shaped. The weevil overwinters as a larva deep in the soil, or as an adult under stones or other sheltered places. Larvae feed on roots and can weaken or kill smaller plants. They are whitish, C-shaped, and about 8 mm long when full grown, much smaller than white grubs.