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Geshem the Arabian (or Geshem the Arab; Hebrew: גֶשֶׁם הָעַרְבִי) is an Arab man mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. He was an ally of Sanballat and Tobiah and adversary of Nehemiah (Neh. 2:19, 6:1).
Geshem (גשם) is a Hebrew word for ... of far more Eastern character, the tonality and construction of which brand it as a more recent offshoot of the Perso-Arab ...
[3] [4] He, along with Sanballat the Horonite and Geshem the Arabian, resorted to a stratagem and, pretending to wish a conference with Nehemiah, invited him to meet them at Ono, Benjamin. Four times they made the request, and every time Nehemiah refused to come.
These texts also document the interactions of the Jews with neighboring figures, including Sanballat the Horonite, likely the governor of Samaria, Tobiah the Ammonite, who likely owned lands in Ammon, and Geshem the Arabian, king of the Qedarites, all of whom opposed Nehemiah's efforts to rebuild Jerusalem. [1]
1 Now it happened when Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem the Arab, and the rest of our enemies heard that I had rebuilt the wall, and that there were no breaks left in it (though at that time I had not hung the doors in the gates), 2 that Sanballat and Geshem sent to me, saying, "Come, let us meet together among the villages in the plain of Ono."
"Geshem the Arabian": another enemy of Nehemiah (beside Sanballat and Tobiah), who can be the same person as "Geshmu—King of Kedar", a name mentioned in a bowl from Ismalia, because "Kedar" is associated with "Arab" as in Genesis 25:13; Isaiah 21:16–17; 42:11; 60:7, also in Herodotus 3.4.88. [26]
These puzzling sites indicate “trails of mobility across southern Arabia,” according to one study.
Shahr with Geshem the Arab, Winnett narrowed the dating to the second half of the 5th century BC. [18] He also noted that the inscription references a governor ( fḥt ) of Dadān without any mention of Lihyan, indicating that the Lihyanite kingdom did not exist when the text was written. [ 12 ]