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This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Hebrew on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hebrew in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Oriental Hebrew displays traits of an Arabic substrate. [4] Elder oriental speakers tend to use an alveolar trill [r], preserve the pharyngeal consonants /ħ/ and (less commonly) /ʕ/, [5] preserve gemination, and pronounce /e/ in some places where non-Oriental speakers do not have a vowel (the shva na).
The Hebrew term בֶּגֶ״ד כֶּפֶ״ת (Modern Hebrew /ˌbeɡedˈkefet/) denotes the letters themselves (rather than the phenomenon of spirantization). If a begadkefat is at the beginning of a word and is preceded by a word ending in an open syllable, then there is no dagesh.
1 The letter "ס " represents any Hebrew consonant. 2 For sin-dot and shin-dot, the letter "ש " (sin/shin) is used. 3 The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk have different uses, but the same graphical representation, and hence are input in the same manner. 4 For shuruk, the letter "ו " (vav) is used since it can only be used with that letter.
Note 1: The letters "א " or "ב "represent whatever Hebrew letter is used. Note 2: The letter "ש " is used since it can only be represented by that letter. Note 3: The dagesh, mappiq, and shuruk are different, however, they look the same and are inputted in the same manner. Also, they are represented by the same Unicode character.
Persian, Moroccan, Greek, Turkish, Balkan and Jerusalem Sephardim usually pronounce it as [v], which is reflected in Modern Hebrew. Spanish and Portuguese Jews traditionally [1] pronounced it as [b ~ β] (as do most Mizrahi Jews), but that is declining under the influence of Israeli Hebrew. That may reflect changes in the pronunciation of Spanish.
As with all handwriting, cursive Hebrew displays considerable individual variation. The forms in the table below are representative of those in present-day use. [5] The names appearing with the individual letters are taken from the Unicode standard and may differ from their designations in the various languages using them—see Hebrew alphabet § Pronunciation for variation in letter names.
The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters. It does not have case. Five letters have different forms when used at the end of a word. Hebrew is written from right to left. Originally, the alphabet was an abjad consisting only of consonants, but is now considered an impure abjad.