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Herbert Kroemer (German: [ˈhɛʁbɛʁt ˈkʁøːmɐ] ⓘ; August 25, 1928 – March 8, 2024) was a German-American physicist who, along with Zhores Alferov, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for "developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics".
For several years, the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) gave this responsibility of coordination to the United States, which led to the creation of an American style roadmap, the National Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (NTRS). [5] The first semiconductor roadmap, published by the SIA in 1993.
A semiconductor is a material that is between the conductor and insulator in ability to conduct electrical current. [1] In many cases their conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by introducing impurities (" doping ") into the crystal structure .
Stephan W. Koch has worked on multiple topics in the general field of semiconductor optics. Before the year 1988, the state-of-the-art description of semiconductor optics and lasers was mainly based on simplified rate-equation approaches which cannot describe the nonequilibrium quantum kinetics of Coulomb-coupled electrons and holes (electronic vacancies in valence band).
For semiconductor alloys it may be necessary to use Vegard's law to calculate these values. Once the relative positions of the conduction and valence bands for both semiconductors are known, Anderson's rule allows the calculation of the band offsets of both the valence band ( Δ E v {\displaystyle \Delta E_{\rm {v}}} ) and the conduction band ...
In physics, the field effect refers to the modulation of the electrical conductivity of a material by the application of an external electric field. In a metal , the electron density that responds to applied fields is so large that an external electric field can penetrate only a very short distance into the material.
Sze worked for Bell Labs until 1990, after which he returned to Taiwan and joined the faculty of National Chiao Tung University. [1] He is well known for his work in semiconductor physics and technology, including his 1967 invention (with Dawon Kahng) of the floating-gate transistor, [2] now widely used in non-volatile semiconductor memory devices.
In semiconductor design, standard-cell methodology is a method of designing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) with mostly digital-logic features. Standard-cell methodology is an example of design abstraction, whereby a low-level very-large-scale integration layout is encapsulated into an abstract logic representation (such as a NAND gate).