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Moderate to severe spinal stenosis at the levels of L3/4 and L4/5 [further explanation needed] The diagnosis of spinal stenosis involves a complete evaluation of the spine. The process usually begins with a medical history and physical examination. X-ray and MRI scans are typically used to determine the extent and location of the nerve compression.
Nerve compression syndrome, or compression neuropathy, or nerve entrapment syndrome, is a medical condition caused by chronic, direct pressure on a peripheral nerve. [1] It is known colloquially as a trapped nerve , though this may also refer to nerve root compression (by a herniated disc , for example).
The syndrome occurs in 12% of older community-dwelling men [3] and up to 21% of those in retirement communities. [ 4 ] Because the leg symptoms in lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) are similar to those found with vascular claudication , the term pseudoclaudication is often used for symptoms of LSS. [ 5 ]
Manual compression over the posterior superior iliac crest, such as with wearing tight clothing and belts, can also reproduce symptoms. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] Many patients also have tender points located around the posterior iliac crest, approximately 7 cm from midline which correlates with cadaver studies demonstrating the location at which the nerves ...
On nerve conduction studies, the pattern of diminished compound muscle action potential and normal sensory nerve action potential may be seen given that the lesion is proximal to the posterior root ganglion. Needle EMG is the more sensitive portion of the test, and may reveal active denervation in the distribution of the involved nerve root ...
The third lumbar spinal nerve (L3) [3] originates from the spinal column from below the lumbar vertebra 3 (L3). L3 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L3. They may be innervated with L3 as single origin, or be innervated partly by L3 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: quadratus lumborum ...
Pain, loss of muscle strength and loss of touch sensation may occur if this herniation causes the compression of the most proximal part of the nerve closely neighbouring the intervertebral disc material. Pain is in the distribution of the nerve compressed, usually down the back of the leg, side of the calf and inside of the foot .
A tear in the disc ring may result in the release of chemicals causing inflammation, which can result in severe pain even in the absence of nerve root compression. Disc herniation is normally a further development of a previously existing disc protrusion , in which the outermost layers of the annulus fibrosus are still intact, but can bulge ...