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The Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) is a neuropsychological test designed to measure different memory functions in a person. Anyone ages 16 to 90 is eligible to take this test. The current version is the fourth edition (WMS-IV) which was published in 2009 and which was designed to be used with the WAIS-IV.
In addition to the nonverbal skills of drawing, block design and praxis are evaluated usually accompanied by Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices test. The scoring provides two main totals, along with subscale scores. These are the Aphasia Quotient (AQ) score and Cortical Quotient (CQ) score. AQ can be thought of as a measure of language ability.
Patients recovering from traumatic brain injury (on average measuring in severely impaired ranged on the Glasgow Coma Scale) showed high stability in WTAR scores during their recovery period while performing highly similar to demographic estimates, suggesting the test is a reliable estimate of premorbid intelligence in individuals with TBI. [3]
Using a structured-interview protocol developed by Charles Hughes, [1] Leonard Berg, John C. Morris and other colleagues at Washington University School of Medicine, a qualified health professional assesses a patient's cognitive and functional performance in six areas: memory, orientation, judgment & problem solving, community affairs, home & hobbies, and personal care.
As such, the developers of the PAI stressed the fact that their measure has no overlapping items to ensure better interpretation of the scales. [3] The PAI focuses on the content of psychological concepts. The initial items were written so that the content would be directly relevant to the different constructs measured by the test.
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) is an intelligence test designed for children ages 2 years 6 months to 7 years 7 months developed by David Wechsler in 1967. It is a descendant of the earlier Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children tests. Since its original publication ...
The CBI-R is completed by a family member or close friend of the patient. The frequency of a behaviour over the previous month is rated on a scale of 0 to 4, where 0 = never; 1 = a few times per month; 2 = a few times per week; 3 = daily; 4 = constantly. Ratings are totalled for each domain to score the questionnaire.
In the UK, the Royal College of Physicians developed the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) in 2012 to replace local or regional scores. [16] [17] [18] The NEWS score is the largest national EWS effort to date and has been adopted by some international healthcare services. [1] A second version of the score was introduced in 2017.