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Reforestation, if several indigenous species are used, can provide other benefits in addition to financial returns, including restoration of the soil, rejuvenation of local flora and fauna, and the capturing and sequestering of 38 tons of carbon dioxide per hectare per year.
IPCC estimates that land-use change (e.g. conversion of forest into agricultural land) contributes a net 1.6 ± 0.8 Gt carbon per year to the atmosphere. For comparison, the major source of CO 2, namely emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, amount to 6.3 ± 0.6 Gt carbon per year. [15]
Carbon sequestration is part of the natural carbon cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere (soil), geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of Earth. [ citation needed ] Carbon dioxide is naturally captured from the atmosphere through biological, chemical, or physical processes, and stored in long-term reservoirs.
An important consideration in such efforts is that forests can turn from sinks to carbon sources. [42] [43] [44] In 2019 forests took up a third less carbon than they did in the 1990s, due to higher temperatures, droughts [45] and deforestation. The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s. [46]
An important consideration in such efforts is that forests can turn from sinks to carbon sources. [28] [29] [30] In 2019 forests took up a third less carbon than they did in the 1990s, due to higher temperatures, droughts [31] and deforestation. The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s. [32]
For example, land is visibly red and scorched after a lightning fire burned more than 14,000 acres of forest in Colorado in 2012. Engineering has led to a new dam in Pakistan and a growing land ...
The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Forests supply water, mitigate climate change, provide habitats for wildlife including many pollinators which are essential for sustainable food production, provide timber and fuelwood, serve as a source of non-wood forest products including food and medicine, and contribute to rural livelihoods.
Amazonian evergreen forests account for about 10% of the world's terrestrial primary productivity and 10% of the carbon stores in ecosystems [94] – of the order of 1.1 × 10 11 metric tonnes of carbon. [95] Amazonian forests are estimated to have accumulated 0.62 ± 0.37 tons of carbon per hectare per year between 1975 and 1996. [95]
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