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Upon heating, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid undergoes decarboxylation to give 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. [4] Reduction with tin gives 2,4,6-triaminobenzenoic acid, a precursor to phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene).
Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation. Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. The avoidance of organic ...
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO 2). Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids , removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain.
The Barton decarboxylation is a radical reaction in which a carboxylic acid is converted to a thiohydroxamate ester (commonly referred to as a Barton ester). The product is then heated in the presence of a radical initiator and a suitable hydrogen donor to afford the decarboxylated product. [1] [2] This is
In commercial applications, the alkylating agents are generally alkenes, some of the largest scale reactions practiced in industry.Such alkylations are of major industrial importance, e.g. for the production of ethylbenzene, the precursor to polystyrene, from benzene and ethylene and for the production of cumene from benzene and propene in cumene process:
The reaction is named after Cläre Hunsdiecker and her husband Heinz Hunsdiecker, whose work in the 1930s [5] [6] developed it into a general method. [1]The reaction was first demonstrated by Alexander Borodin in 1861 in his reports of the preparation of methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) from silver acetate (CH 3 CO 2 Ag).
The Kolbe–Schmitt reaction or Kolbe process (named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt) is a carboxylation chemical reaction that proceeds by treating phenol with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenoxide, [1] then heating sodium phenoxide with carbon dioxide under pressure (100 atm, 125 °C), then treating the product with sulfuric acid.
In organic chemistry, the Schmidt reaction is an organic reaction in which an azide reacts with a carbonyl derivative, usually an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid, under acidic conditions to give an amine or amide, with expulsion of nitrogen.