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The Genesis creation narrative is the creation myth [a] of both Judaism and Christianity, [1] told in the book of Genesis chapters 1 and 2. While the Jewish and Christian tradition is that the account is one comprehensive story, [2] [3] modern scholars of biblical criticism identify the account as a composite work [4] made up of two different stories drawn from different sources.
The Earth was formed at 4.54 Gya, and the earliest evidence of life on Earth dates from at least 3.8 Gya from Western Australia. Some studies have suggested that fossil micro-organisms may have lived within hydrothermal vent precipitates dated 3.77 to 4.28 Gya from Quebec , soon after ocean formation 4.4 Gya during the Hadean .
Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. — Genesis 1:2, New International Version [ 2 ] The words tohu and bohu also occur in parallel in Isaiah 34:11 , which the King James Version translates with the words "confusion" and "emptiness".
The first eon in Earth's history, the Hadean, begins with the Earth's formation and is followed by the Archean eon at 3.8 Ga. [2]: 145 The oldest rocks found on Earth date to about 4.0 Ga, and the oldest detrital zircon crystals in rocks to about 4.4 Ga, [34] [35] [36] soon after the formation of the Earth's crust and the Earth itself.
Late Cenomanian sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean were substantially warmer than today (~27-29 °C). [2] Turonian equatorial SSTs are conservatively estimated based on δ18O and high p CO 2 estimates to have been ~32 °C, but may have been as high as 36 °C. [ 10 ]
Dinosaurs were initially cold-blooded, but global warming 180 million years ago may have triggered the evolution of warm-blooded species, a new study found.
The Sanskrit speaking Aryans subscribed to the idea of a spherical earth in an era when the Greeks believed in a flat one. The Indians before the fifth century BCE calculated the age of the earth as 4.3 billion years; scientists in 19th century England were convinced it was 100 million years.
Fire, earth, air, and water have become the most popular set of classical elements in modern interpretations. One such version was provided by Robert Boyle in The Sceptical Chymist, which was published in 1661 in the form of a dialogue between five characters. Themistius, the Aristotelian of the party, says: [11]