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The ethics of care (alternatively care ethics or EoC) is a normative ethical theory that holds that moral action centers on interpersonal relationships and care or benevolence as a virtue. EoC is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by some feminists and environmentalists since the 1980s. [ 1 ]
Carol Gilligan was raised in a Jewish family in New York City. [2] She was the only child of a lawyer, William Friedman, and nursery school teacher, Mabel Caminez.She attended the public Hunter Model School and the Walden School, [3] a progressive private school on Manhattan's Upper West Side and played piano.
Carol Gilligan famously championed the role of relationships as central to moral reasoning, and superior as a basis for understanding human choices than any prior linguistic or meta-ethical concept. This perspective is now commonly called the ethics of care .
In psychology, the care perspective focuses on people in terms of their connectedness with others, interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others. [ 1 ] See also
Moral Boundaries: A Political Argument for an Ethic of Care by Joan C. Tronto is an American book [1] published in 1993, contributing to the debate over the ethics of care through a feminist lens. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development is a book on gender studies by American professor Carol Gilligan, published in 1982, which Harvard University Press calls "the little book that started a revolution". [1] In the book, Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's stages of moral development of children. Kohlberg's data showed ...
Like Carol Gilligan, Noddings accepts that justice based approaches, which are supposed to be more masculine, are genuine alternatives to ethics of care. However, unlike Gilligan, Noddings's believes that caring, 'rooted in receptivity, relatedness, and responsiveness' is a more basic and preferable approach to ethics (Caring 1984, 2).
The theory has been developed by a diverse group of collaborators and popularized in Haidt's book The Righteous Mind. [7] The theory proposes that morality is "more than one thing", first arguing for five foundations, and later expanding for six foundations (adding Liberty/Oppression): Care/harm; Fairness/cheating; Loyalty/betrayal; Authority ...