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Blue toe syndrome is a situation that may reflect atherothrombotic (clots resulting from the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls) [1] microembolism, causing transient focal ischaemia, a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain or spinal cord, [2] occasionally with minor apparent tissue loss, but without diffuse forefoot ischemia. [3]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Livedoid dermatitis is a iatrogenic cutaneous reaction that occurs immediately after a drug injection.It presents as an immediate, extreme pain around the injection site, with overlying skin rapidly becoming erythematous, violaceous, or blanched ("ischemic pallor") [1]: 124 and sometimes with reticular pattern.
Classic Kaposi sarcoma most commonly appears early on the toes and soles as reddish, violaceous, or bluish-black macules and patches that spread and coalesce to form nodules or plaques. [35]: 599 A small percentage of these patients may have visceral lesions. In most cases the treatment involves surgical removal of the lesion.
Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is an uncommon thrombotic dermal vasculopathy that is characterized by excruciating, recurrent ulcers on the lower limbs. [4] Livedo racemosa, along with painful ulceration in the distal regions of the lower extremities, is the characteristic clinical appearance.
Gottron's sign is a pathognomonic cutaneous manifestation associated with dermatomyositis (DM), which is an inflammatory disorder affecting the skin and muscles. [1] The primary lesion of dermatomyositis appears as a violaceous, macular erythema with a symmetric distribution, which may progress and become poikilodermatous (atrophic with telangiectasia and pigmentary changes) and indurated (as ...
Certain genetic polymorphisms (in the TREX1 gene) have been linked to susceptibility towards developing COVID-toe. [68] A June 2020 systematic review reported a 0–1% prevalence of rash in COVID-19 patients. [2] Approximately 20–30% of people who present with COVID-19 have elevated liver enzymes, reflecting liver injury. [69] [70]
The hallmarks of lupus pernio are violaceous or erythematous, indurated plaques that are mostly found on the cheeks and nose in the center of the face. Rarely, lesions may also affect the dorsum of the hands and feet and the ears. [3] The symptoms of lupus pernio range from a few tiny nodules on the nose to vibrant plaques that cover both ...