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Wöhler demonstrated the reaction in his original publication with different sets of reactants: a combination of cyanic acid and ammonia, a combination of silver cyanate and ammonium chloride, a combination of lead cyanate and ammonia and finally from a combination of mercury cyanate and cyanatic ammonia (which is again cyanic acid with ammonia ...
Wöhler has also been regarded as a pioneering researcher in organic chemistry as a result of his 1828 demonstration of the laboratory synthesis of urea from ammonium cyanate, in a chemical reaction that came to be known as the "Wöhler synthesis". [5] [20] [21] Urea and ammonium cyanate are further examples of structural isomers of chemical ...
Stuart L. Schreiber (born 1956), American chemist, a pioneer in a field of chemical biology; Richard R. Schrock (born 1945), 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; Peter Schultz (born 1956), American chemist; Glenn T. Seaborg (1912–1999), 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; Nils Gabriel Sefström (1787–1845), chemist; Francesco Selmi (1817–1881 ...
The general reaction catalyzed by a phosphatase enzyme. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of a phosphomonoester, removing a phosphate moiety from the substrate. Water is split in the reaction, with the -OH group attaching to the phosphate ion, and the H+ protonating the hydroxyl group of the other product. The net result of the reaction is ...
Response to stimuli: a response can take many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism to external chemicals, to complex reactions involving all the senses of multicellular organisms. A response is often expressed by motion; for example, the leaves of a plant turning toward the sun (phototropism), and chemotaxis.
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
Several energy sources in planetary atmospheres can induce these dissociation reactions and subsequent hydrogen cyanide or aldehyde formation, including lightning, [32] ultraviolet light, [30] and galactic cosmic rays. [33] For example, here is a set photochemical reactions of species in the Miller-Urey atmosphere that can result in ...
Examples of biosynthetic pathways include those for the production of amino acids, lipid membrane components, and nucleotides, but also for the production of all classes of biological macromolecules, and of acetyl-coenzyme A, adenosine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and other key intermediate and transactional molecules needed ...