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A type of quasiparticle in physics, [1] a phonon is an excited state in the quantum mechanical quantization of the modes of vibrations for elastic structures of interacting particles. Phonons can be thought of as quantized sound waves, similar to photons as quantized light waves. [2] The study of phonons is an important part of condensed matter ...
In solid state physics, a surface phonon is the quantum of a lattice vibration mode associated with a solid surface. Similar to the ordinary lattice vibrations in a bulk solid (whose quanta are simply called phonons), the nature of surface vibrations depends on details of periodicity and symmetry of a crystal structure. Surface vibrations are ...
Thus, electrons and electron holes (fermions) are typically called quasiparticles, while phonons and plasmons (bosons) are typically called collective excitations. The quasiparticle concept is important in condensed matter physics because it can simplify the many-body problem in quantum mechanics.
Non-linear phononics is the physics in solids created or triggered by large amplitude oscillations of phonons, [1] the elementary vibration of the crystal lattice. [2] [3] [4] It is an extension of the field of phononics, [5] which studies the regime of small harmonic vibrations and related phenomena in materials.
Optical phonons have higher energies (frequencies), but make smaller contribution to conduction heat transfer, because of their smaller group velocity and occupancy. Phonon transport across hetero-structure boundaries (represented with R p,b , phonon boundary resistance ) according to the boundary scattering approximations are modeled as ...
In fluids, the phonon is longitudinal and it is the Goldstone boson of the spontaneously broken Galilean symmetry.In solids, the situation is more complicated; the Goldstone bosons are the longitudinal and transverse phonons and they happen to be the Goldstone bosons of spontaneously broken Galilean, translational, and rotational symmetry with no simple one-to-one correspondence between the ...
In physics, polaritons / p ə ˈ l ær ɪ t ɒ n z, p oʊ-/ [1] are bosonic quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of electromagnetic waves (photon) with an electric or magnetic dipole-carrying excitation (state) of solid or liquid matter (such as a phonon, plasmon, or an exciton).
In condensed matter physics, the Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation (or LST relation) determines the ratio of the natural frequency of longitudinal optic lattice vibrations () of an ionic crystal to the natural frequency of the transverse optical lattice vibration for long wavelengths (zero wavevector).