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The cross product with respect to a right-handed coordinate system. In mathematics, the cross product or vector product (occasionally directed area product, to emphasize its geometric significance) is a binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional oriented Euclidean vector space (named here ), and is denoted by the symbol .
Noting that any identity matrix is a rotation matrix, and that matrix multiplication is associative, we may summarize all these properties by saying that the n × n rotation matrices form a group, which for n > 2 is non-abelian, called a special orthogonal group, and denoted by SO(n), SO(n,R), SO n, or SO n (R), the group of n × n rotation ...
As the Levi-Civita symbol is a pseudotensor, the result of taking a cross product is a pseudovector, not a vector. [5] Under a general coordinate change, the components of the permutation tensor are multiplied by the Jacobian of the transformation matrix. This implies that in coordinate frames different from the one in which the tensor was ...
is the rotation matrix through an angle θ counterclockwise about the axis k, and I the 3 × 3 identity matrix. [4] This matrix R is an element of the rotation group SO(3) of ℝ 3 , and K is an element of the Lie algebra s o ( 3 ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {so}}(3)} generating that Lie group (note that K is skew-symmetric, which characterizes ...
This also relates to the handedness of the cross product; the cross product transforms as a pseudovector under parity transformations and so is properly described as a pseudovector. The dot product of two vectors is a scalar but the dot product of a pseudovector and a vector is a pseudoscalar, so the scalar triple product (of vectors) must be ...
Also, the dot, cross, and dyadic products can all be expressed in matrix form. Dyadic expressions may closely resemble the matrix equivalents. The dot product of a dyadic with a vector gives another vector, and taking the dot product of this result gives a scalar derived from the dyadic.
Block matrix operations; Cracovian product, defined as A ∧ B = B T A; Frobenius inner product, the dot product of matrices considered as vectors, or, equivalently the sum of the entries of the Hadamard product; Hadamard product of two matrices of the same size, resulting in a matrix of the same size, which is the product entry-by-entry
Rule of Sarrus: The determinant of the three columns on the left is the sum of the products along the down-right diagonals minus the sum of the products along the up-right diagonals. In matrix theory , the rule of Sarrus is a mnemonic device for computing the determinant of a 3 × 3 {\displaystyle 3\times 3} matrix named after the French ...