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Animism is used in anthropology of religion as a term for the belief system of many Indigenous peoples [8] in contrast to the relatively more recent development of organized religions. [9] Animism is a metaphysical belief which focuses on the supernatural universe: specifically, on the concept of the immaterial soul. [10]
Animatism is a belief that inanimate, miraculous qualities exists in the natural world. It also talks about the belief that everything is infused with a life force giving each lifeless object personality or perception, but not a soul as in animism. It is a widespread belief among small-scale societies.
Psychopathological model: religions are founded during a period of severe stress in the life of the founder. The founder suffers from psychological problems, which they resolve through the founding of the religion. (The development of the religion is for them a form of self-therapy, or self-medication.)
Cross-cultural or comparative theories of religion focus on “religion” as something that can be found and compared across all human cultures and societies. The anthropology of religion today reflects the influence of, or an engagement with, such theorists as Karl Marx (1818-1883), Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Émile Durkheim (1858-1917), and ...
Huna (Hawaiian for "secret") is the word adopted by the New Age author Max Freedom Long (1890–1971) in 1936 to describe his theory of metaphysics.Long cited what he believed to be the spiritual practices of the ancient Hawaiian kahunas (priests) as inspiration; however, contemporary scholars consider the system to be his invention designed through a mixture of a variety of spiritual ...
Examples of Upper Paleolithic remains that some associate with religious beliefs include the lion man, the Venus figurines, and the elaborate ritual burial from Sungir. [citation needed] In the 19th century, researchers proposed various theories regarding the origin of religion, challenging earlier claims of a Christianity-like urreligion.
Religious tradition founded Life of founder Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsá'í [34] [35] Shaykhism, precursor of Bábism [36] [37] 1753–1826 Ram Mohan Roy: Brahmo Samaj: 1772–1833 Swaminarayan: Swaminarayan Sampraday: 1781–1830 Auguste Comte: Religion of Humanity: 1798–1857 Nakayama Miki: Tenrikyo: 1798–1887 Ignaz von Döllinger: Old Catholic ...
The indigenous Philippine folk religions were widely spread in the archipelago, prior to the arrival of Abrahamic religions. The majority of the people, however, had converted to Christianity due to Spanish colonization from the 16th to the late 19th century, which continued through the 20th century during and after American colonization.