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Round city of Baghdad. Baghdad was founded on 30 July 762 CE. It was designed by Caliph al-Mansur. [1] According to 11th-century scholar Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi in his History of Baghdad, [2] each course of the city wall consisted of 162,000 bricks for the first third of the wall's height.
The capital was Baghdad. At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 54,503 square miles (141,160 km 2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 850,000. [1]
The 1534 capture of Baghdad by Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire from the Safavid dynasty under Tahmasp I was part of the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532 to 1555, itself part of a series of Ottoman–Persian Wars. The city was taken without resistance, the Safavid government having fled and leaving the city undefended. [2]
1535 – City becomes capital of the Baghdad Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire. 1544 – City taken by forces of Suleiman I. [8] 1578 – Al-Muradiyya Mosque built. [4] 1601 – Coffeehouse built. [18] 1602 – City taken by forces of Abbas I of Persia. [8] [1] 1623 – 23 January: Capture of Baghdad by Safavids. [9] [1] 1625 - Siege of Baghdad ...
Between 1623 and 1638, it returned to Iranian rule before falling back into Ottoman hands. Baghdad has suffered severely from visitations of the plague and cholera, [68] and sometimes two-thirds of its population has been wiped out. [69] The city became part of an eyalet and then a vilayet. For a time, Baghdad had been the largest city in the ...
Attempts of several Ottoman commanders (Turkish: serdar) to retake the city following 1624, were fruitless. In 1638 Ottoman Sultan Murad IV (Suleyman I's great-great-great grandson) decided to recapture the city. According to legend, only the sultan in-person, could conquer the city.
Governor Al-Shakir Effendi's family in Baghdad, 1901. In the history of Baghdad, the period from 1831 to 1917 began with the fall of the Mamluk state of Iraq in 1831 after the Ottoman Empire occupied the city. [1] It ended with the Fall of Baghdad on 11 March 1917 after the British Empire occupied the city during the First World War.
Ottoman Iraq (Arabic: العراق العثماني) refers to the period of the history of Iraq when the region was ruled by the Ottoman Empire (1534–1920; with an interlude from 1704 to 1831 From Independence under the Mamluk state of Iraq). Before reforms (1534–1704), Iraq was divided into four Eyalets (provinces): Baghdad Eyalet ...