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The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) or pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT or PPTg) is a collection of neurons located in the upper pons in the brainstem. [1] [2] It is involved in voluntary movements, [3] arousal, and provides sensory feedback to the cerebral cortex and one of the main components of the ascending reticular activating system.
In neuroanatomy, a nucleus (pl.: nuclei) is a cluster of neurons in the central nervous system, [1] located deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. [2] The neurons in one nucleus usually have roughly similar connections and functions. [ 3 ]
The inferior olivary nucleus, which relays to the cerebellum. The dorsal column nuclei, which contain the gracile and cuneate nuclei. Basal plate neuroblasts give rise to: The hypoglossal nucleus, which contains general somatic efferent fibers. The nucleus ambiguus, which form the special visceral efferent.
In some works (e.g. [9]), researchers have grouped the nuclei lineares into one nucleus, the nucleus linearis, shrinking the number of raphe to seven, e.g., NeuroNames makes the following ordering: [10] Raphe nuclei of medulla oblongata. Nucleus raphe obscurus; Nucleus raphe magnus; Nucleus raphe pallidus; Raphe nuclei of the pontine reticular ...
The gracile nucleus is medial to the cuneate nucleus. [5] Its neurons receive afferent input from dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons of the lower torso and the lower limbs . [ 5 ] The gracile nucleus and gracile fasciculus carry epicritic , kinesthetic , and conscious proprioceptive information from the lower part of the body (below the level ...
centromedian nucleus [21] parafascicular nucleus [22] lateral nuclear group [13] [23] is replaced by posterior region [24] pulvinar [25] anterior pulvinar nucleus [26] lateral pulvinar nucleus [27] medial pulvinar nucleus [28] inferior pulvinar nucleus [29] lateral posterior nucleus [30] belongs to pulvinar; lateral dorsal nucleus [31] (a.k.a ...
The reticular formation is a set of interconnected nuclei in the brainstem that spans from the lower end of the medulla oblongata to the upper end of the midbrain. [2] The neurons of the reticular formation make up a complex set of neural networks in the core of the brainstem. [3]
The solitary nucleus (SN) (nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus solitarius, or nucleus tractus solitarii) is a series of neurons whose cell bodies form a roughly vertical column of grey matter in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. Their axons form the bulk of the enclosed solitary tract. The solitary nucleus can be divided into different ...