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Epidural administration: injection into the epidural space of the spinal cord.Epidural, (Greek): situated on or outside the dura mater, from epi- "on top of" + dura mater + -al. Adhesion (Latin) adhēsiōn- for Latin adhaesiōn- (stem of adhaesiō) a clinging, equivalent to adhaes(us), past participle of adhaerēre to adhere + -iōn- -ion.
If conservative measures are unsuccessful, surgery can be trialed. Surgery to cut the adhesions (capsular release) may be indicated in prolonged and severe cases; the procedure is usually performed by arthroscopy. Surgical evaluation of other problems with the shoulder, e.g., subacromial bursitis or rotator cuff tear, may be needed.
Steps may be taken during surgery to help prevent adhesions such as handling tissues and organs gently, using starch-free and latex-free gloves, not allowing tissues to dry out, and shortening surgery time. [12] An unfortunate fact is, that adhesions are unavoidable in surgery and the main treatment for adhesions is more surgery.
Synovectomy is the surgical removal of the synovial tissue surrounding a joint.This procedure is typically recommended to provide relief from a condition in which the synovial membrane or the joint lining becomes inflamed and irritated and is not controlled by medication alone.
Excision of a completely ankylotic shoulder or elbow may restore free mobility and usefulness to the limb. "Ankylosis" is also used as an anatomical term, bones being said to ankylose (or anchylose) when, from being originally distinct, they coalesce, or become so joined that no motion can take place between them.
Acute or chronic disruption and/or attenuation of the ulnar collateral ligament often result in medial elbow pain, valgus instability, and impaired throwing performance. There are both non-surgical and surgical treatment options. [5]
Pressurized treatment of venous bypass graft [conduit] with pharmaceutical substance Ex-vivo treatment of vessel; Hyperbaric pressurized graft [conduit] Infusion of vasopressor agent Infusion of immunosuppressive antibody therapy. Includes: during induction phase of solid organ transplantation; monoclonal antibody therapy
They include lysis of adhesions, [7] fimbrioplasty (repairing the fimbriated end of the tubes), [8] salpinostomy (creating an opening for the tube), resection and reananstomosis (removing a piece of blocked tube and reuniting the remaining patent parts of the tube), and tubal reimplantation (reconnecting the tube to the uterus).