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Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections. [1] Other uses include for middle ear infections and travelers' diarrhea. [1] With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS. [1] [2] It is taken orally (swallowed by mouth). [1]
The Mercer protocol is a common regimen for antibiotic prophylaxis in the context of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) during pregnancy, when immediate delivery is contraindicated due to known or suspected fetal lung immaturity.
Prophylactic antibiotic administration has been shown to prolong pregnancy and reduced neonatal morbidity with rupture of membranes at less than 34 weeks. [133] Because of concern about necrotizing enterocolitis , amoxicillin or erythromycin has been recommended but not amoxicillin + clavulanic acid ( co-amoxiclav ).
The fetus is at greatest risk of contracting syphilis when the mother is in the early stages of infection, but the disease can be passed at any point during pregnancy, even during delivery. An affected child can be treated using antibiotics much like an adult; however, any developmental symptoms are likely to be permanent. [32]
The first edition was published by the WHO on 15 May 2018, and complements the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), which was published more than 40 years earlier. [1] [8] More than 150 countries have adapted the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. [7] A second edition was published in July 2019, [3] and a third in 2020. [4]
The following is a list of antibiotics. The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic. Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing. However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior.
[55] [56] The charitable organization Group B Strep Support has published a list of hospitals in the UK that offer the detection of GBS using the enrichment broth culture method (enrichment culture medium, ECM). [72] This test is also available privately from around £35 per test for a home-testing pack, and it is offered by private clinics. [72]
[14] [12] However, all NSAIDs showed association with structural cardiac defects with usage during the early weeks of pregnancy. When ibuprofen and naproxen are used within the third trimester, there is a significant increase in the risk of premature closure of the ductus arteriosus with primary pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. [ 12 ]