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Cicero – First speech against Catilina in Latin. The First Catilinarian is the most famous speech in Latin literature. [25] Its first sentence in particular is carefully crafted so as to have its form support its content. [26] In consequence, it is still widely remembered and used after more than 2000 years:
After the attempts on Cicero's life failed on 7 November 63 BC, he assembled the senate and delivered his first oration against Catiline, publicly denouncing the conspiracy. Catiline attempted to speak in his defence – attacking Cicero's ancestry – but was shouted down and promptly left the city to join Manlius' men in Etruria. [34]
The phrase was used by the Roman orator Cicero in four different speeches, [3] of which the earliest was his speech against Verres in 70 BC. The most famous instance, however, is in the second paragraph of his First Oration against Catiline, a speech made in 63 BC, when Cicero was consul (Roman head of state), denouncing his political enemy ...
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Marcus Tullius Cicero [a] (/ ˈ s ɪ s ə r oʊ / SISS-ə-roh; Latin: [ˈmaːrkʊs ˈtʊlli.ʊs ˈkɪkɛroː]; 3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, orator, writer and Academic skeptic, [4] who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. [5]
A 1st century AD bust of Cicero, one of the principal sources alleging Catiline's involvement in this fictitious conspiracy. He later exposed, as consul, the real Catilinarian conspiracy in 63 BC. The inciting incident for the conspiracy was the election of two consuls-designate for 65 BC, Publius Autronius Paetus and Publius Cornelius Sulla ...
The speech is called Oratio in Toga Candida since candidates wore specially whitened (Latin candida) togas, origin of the word candidate. [2] Cicero used his election campaign speech to denounce his rivals and hint at secret powers behind Catiline. The tactics were successful and he secured the consulship. [3] [4] [5]
An 1889 depiction of Cicero denouncing Catiline in the senate. In the First Catilinarian, Cicero references a senatus consultum ultimum – "we have a resolution of the senate, a formidable and authoritative decree against you" [c] – empowering him to take action against Catiline's conspiracy. [49]