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Turkey is the only country in the world to have operated tanks from practically every major player in World War II, including the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, and France. [9] Little evidence of this past remains, save for the efforts of historians and writers to preserve and restore what would otherwise be lost. [2]
Turkey committed 8 of 173 aircraft in the NATO force, [6] flew 2.2 percent of sorties [7] Dayton Agreement, deployment of NATO-led IFOR; Süleyman Demirel: Tansu Çiller: Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1997) KDP Turkey: PUK PKK: Ceasefire . Peace treaty between the KDP and the PUK; Süleyman Demirel: Necmettin Erbakan. Mesut Yılmaz. Kosovo War (1998 ...
During the war, Jews living in Turkey faced discriminatory conscription into forced labor battalions and the 1942 wealth tax intended to financially ruin non-Muslim citizens. Turkey was the only neutral country to implement anti-Jewish laws during the war. [3] During the war, Turkey denaturalized 3,000 to 5,000 Jews living abroad. [2]
The Second Cairo Conference of December 4–6, 1943, held in Cairo, Egypt, addressed Turkey's possible contribution to the Allies in World War II. [1] The meeting was attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and President İsmet İnönü of the Republic of Turkey. [1]
About 1.2 million Austrians served in all branches of the German armed forces during World War II. After the defeat of the Axis Powers, the Allies occupied Austria in four occupation zones set up at the end of World War II until 1955, when the country again became a fully independent republic under the condition that it remained neutral.
Turkey was neutral in World War II (1939–45) but signed a treaty with Britain in October 1939 that said Britain would defend Turkey if Germany attacked it. An invasion was threatened in 1941 but did not happen and Ankara refused German requests to allow troops to cross its borders into Syria or the USSR.
Emerging from World War II, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established by 10 European countries, the United States and Canada to form a bulwark against the communist-ruled Soviet Union.
Tensions between the USSR and Turkey grew over Turkey not allowing the Soviet Fleet, with civilian crews to traverse the straits during WWII. After the Allied defeat of Nazi Germany, the Soviets returned to the issue in 1945 and 1946. Throughout 1946, American and Turkish diplomats frequently conversed on the issue.