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In post-classical Kilwa, plumbing was prevalent in the stone homes of the natives. [51] [52] The Husani Kubwa Palace, as well as other buildings for the ruling elite and wealthy, included the luxury of indoor plumbing. [52] In the Ashanti Empire, toilets were housed in two story buildings that were flushed with gallons of boiling water.
He founded Thomas Crapper & Co in London, a plumbing equipment company. His notability with regard to toilets has often been overstated, mostly due to the publication in 1969 of a fictional biography by New Zealand satirist Wallace Reyburn. [2] Crapper held nine patents, three of them for water closet improvements such as the floating ballcock.
The reinvention of reliable indoor plumbing around 1850 allowed free-standing showers to be connected to a running water source, supplying a renewable flow of water. [7] The shower cabin was invented in 1839 by Polish-Canadian politician and engineer Aleksander Edward Kierzkowski. [8]
US cities began using hollowed logs in the late 1700s through the 1800s. Today, most plumbing supply pipe is made out of steel, copper, and plastic; most waste (also known as "soil") [30] out of steel, copper, plastic, and cast iron. [30] The straight sections of plumbing systems are called "pipes" or "tubes".
In general, poorer residents used pots that they were supposed to empty into the sewer, or visited public latrines. Public latrines date back to the 2nd century BC. Whether intentionally or not, they became places to socialise. Long bench-like seats with keyhole-shaped openings cut in rows offered little privacy.
WCs first appeared in Britain in the 1880s, and soon spread to Continental Europe. In America, the chain-pull indoor toilet was introduced in the homes of the wealthy and in hotels in the 1890s. William Elvis Sloan invented the Flushometer in 1906, which used pressurized water directly from the supply line for faster recycle time between flushes.
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George Jennings (10 November 1810 – 17 April 1882) was an English sanitary engineer and plumber who invented the first public flush toilets. Josiah George Jennings was born on 10 November 1810 in Eling, at the edge of the New Forest in Hampshire. He was the eldest of seven children of Jonas Joseph Jennings and Mary Dimmock.