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This process is denoted as a σ → σ* transition. Likewise, promotion of an electron from a pi-bonding orbital (π) to an antibonding pi orbital (π*) is denoted as a π → π* transition. Auxochromes with free electron pairs (denoted as "n") have their own transitions, as do aromatic pi bond transitions.
Internal conversion is a transition from a higher to a lower electronic state in a molecule or atom. [1] It is sometimes called "radiationless de-excitation", because no photons are emitted. It differs from intersystem crossing in that, while both are radiationless methods of de-excitation, the molecular spin state for internal conversion ...
The energy of an electron is determined by its orbit around the atom, The n = 0 orbit, commonly referred to as the ground state, has the lowest energy of all states in the system. In atomic physics and chemistry , an atomic electron transition (also called an atomic transition, quantum jump, or quantum leap) is an electron changing from one ...
Classically, the Franck–Condon principle is the approximation that an electronic transition is most likely to occur without changes in the positions of the nuclei in the molecular entity and its environment. The resulting state is called a Franck–Condon state, and the transition involved, a vertical transition.
Single-molecule electronics is an emerging field, and entire electronic circuits consisting exclusively of molecular sized compounds are still very far from being realized. However, the continuous demand for more computing power, together with the inherent limits of the present day lithographic methods make the transition seem unavoidable.
In quantum mechanics the basis for a spectroscopic selection rule is the value of the transition moment integral [1], =, where and are the wave functions of the two states, "state 1" and "state 2", involved in the transition, and μ is the transition moment operator.
The spin transition is an example of transition between two electronic states in molecular chemistry. The ability of an electron to transit from a stable to another stable (or metastable ) electronic state in a reversible and detectable fashion, makes these molecular systems appealing in the field of molecular electronics .
Internal conversion is an atomic decay process where an excited nucleus interacts electromagnetically with one of the orbital electrons of an atom. This causes the electron to be emitted (ejected) from the atom. [1] [2] Thus, in internal conversion (often abbreviated IC), a high-energy electron is emitted from the excited atom, but not from the ...