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When seeking a solution, one or more variables are designated as unknowns. A solution is an assignment of values to the unknown variables that makes the equality in the equation true. In other words, a solution is a value or a collection of values (one for each unknown) such that, when substituted for the unknowns, the equation becomes an equality.
The simplest method for solving a system of linear equations is to repeatedly eliminate variables. This method can be described as follows: In the first equation, solve for one of the variables in terms of the others. Substitute this expression into the remaining equations. This yields a system of equations with one fewer equation and unknown.
In order to find the particular integral, we need to 'guess' its form, with some coefficients left as variables to be solved for. This takes the form of the first derivative of the complementary function. Below is a table of some typical functions and the solution to guess for them.
The n-tuples that are solutions of a linear equation in n variables are the Cartesian coordinates of the points of an (n − 1)-dimensional hyperplane in an n-dimensional Euclidean space (or affine space if the coefficients are complex numbers or belong to any field). In the case of three variables, this hyperplane is a plane.
Consider a system of n linear equations for n unknowns, represented in matrix multiplication form as follows: = where the n × n matrix A has a nonzero determinant, and the vector = (, …,) is the column vector of the variables. Then the theorem states that in this case the system has a unique solution, whose individual values for the unknowns ...
Other specific names for variables are: An unknown is a variable in an equation which has to be solved for. An indeterminate is a symbol, commonly called variable, that appears in a polynomial or a formal power series. Formally speaking, an indeterminate is not a variable, but a constant in the polynomial ring or the ring of formal power series.