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In 1978, Jews were recognised as full citizens in Spain, and today the Jewish population numbers about 40,000, approximately 0.1% of Spain's population, 20,000 of whom are registered in the Jewish communities. Most live in the larger cities of Spain on the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa or the islands. [16]
By March 1992, the federation represented approximately 15,000 Jews in Spain, most of whom first- or second-generation immigrants from North Africa and South America. [8] In 2004, the organization changed its name to the Federation of Jewish Communities in Spain (Spanish: Federación de Comunidades Judías de España). [1]
A letter announcing the repeal was presented to Samuel Toledano, leader of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Spain, and read from the pulpit of Beth Yaacov synagogue, which would serve the city's 2,500 Jews. Notably, the repeal ended the requirement that Jews obtain official permission from the Spanish government to hold religious services.
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The number of Jews exiled from Spain is subject to controversy, with highly exaggerated figures provided by early observers and historians offering figures which numbered the hundreds of thousands. By the time of the expulsion, little more than 100,000 practicing Jews remained in Spain, since the majority had already converted to Catholicism.
YouTube recorded a total of 15,720 hateful comments against Jewish people in the week following the attack by Hamas, as revealed by the Institute for Strategic Dialogue. [ 30 ] According to the report, the attacks include comments featured dehumanizing language, drawing inappropriate comparisons between Israelis and Nazis.
Today, around 50,000 recognized Jews live in Spain, according to the Federation of Jewish Communities in Spain. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] The tiny Jewish community in Portugal is estimated between 1,740 and 3,000 people. [ 125 ]
The Jews of modern France number around 400,000 persons, largely descendants of North African communities, some of which were Sephardic communities that had come from Spain and Portugal—others were Arab and Berber Jews from Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, who were already living in North Africa before the Jewish exodus from the Iberian ...