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Acute infection with hepatitis B virus is associated with acute viral hepatitis, an illness that begins with general ill-health, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, body aches, mild fever, and dark urine, and then progresses to development of jaundice. The illness lasts for a few weeks and then gradually improves in most affected people.
The structure of hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus is a member of the Hepadnavirus family. [11] The virus particle, called Dane particle [12] (), consists of an outer lipid envelope and an icosahedral nucleocapsid core composed of protein.
Hepatitis D is caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), or hepatitis delta virus; it belongs to the genus Deltavirus. HDV is similar to a satellite virus as it can only propagate in the presence of the hepatitis B virus, depending on the helper function of HBV for its replication and expression. It has no independent life cycle, but can survive ...
Although liver diseases transmissible among human populations were identified early in the history of medicine, the first known hepatitis with a viral etiological agent was Hepatitis A, in the picornaviridae family. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was identified as an infection distinct from Hepatitis A through its contamination of yellow fever vaccine.
For the other, roughly 70 percent of people with hepatitis C, the body’s immune system cannot boot the virus out so easily, and eventually, the infection becomes ongoing, or chronic, lasting for ...
Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B to replicate and is only found with hepatitis B co-infection. [17] In adults, hepatitis B infection is most commonly self-limiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. [31] Infection in infants ...
Chronic (rather than acute) infection with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus is the main cause of liver cancer. [60] Globally, about 248 million individuals are chronically infected with hepatitis B (with 843,724 in the U.S.), [61] and 142 million are chronically infected with hepatitis C [62] (with 2.7 million in the U.S.). [63]
Hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B immunoglobulin, and the combination of hepatitis B vaccine plus hepatitis B immunoglobulin, all are considered as preventive for babies born to mothers infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). [29] The combination is superior for protecting these infants. [29]