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In physics, Liouville's theorem, named after the French mathematician Joseph Liouville, is a key theorem in classical statistical and Hamiltonian mechanics.It asserts that the phase-space distribution function is constant along the trajectories of the system—that is that the density of system points in the vicinity of a given system point traveling through phase-space is constant with time.
In mathematics, Liouville's formula, also known as the Abel–Jacobi–Liouville identity, is an equation that expresses the determinant of a square-matrix solution of a first-order system of homogeneous linear differential equations in terms of the sum of the diagonal coefficients of the system.
In physics, Liouville field theory (or simply Liouville theory) is a two-dimensional conformal field theory whose classical equation of motion is a generalization of Liouville's equation. Liouville theory is defined for all complex values of the central charge c {\displaystyle c} of its Virasoro symmetry algebra , but it is unitary only if
The boundary conditions ("held in a rectangular frame") are W = 0 when x = 0, L 1 or y = 0, L 2 and define the simplest possible Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problems as in the example, yielding the "normal mode solutions" for W with harmonic time dependence, (,,) = where m and n are non-zero integers, A mn are arbitrary constants ...
In complex analysis, Liouville's theorem, named after Joseph Liouville (although the theorem was first proven by Cauchy in 1844 [1]), states that every bounded entire function must be constant. That is, every holomorphic function f {\displaystyle f} for which there exists a positive number M {\displaystyle M} such that | f ( z ) | ≤ M ...
A so-called eigenmode is a solution that oscillates in time with a well-defined constant angular frequency ω, so that the temporal part of the wave function takes the form e −iωt = cos(ωt) − i sin(ωt), and the amplitude is a function f(x) of the spatial variable x, giving a separation of variables for the wave function: (,) = ().
Their solutions are based on eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of linear operators defined via second-order homogeneous linear equations. The problems are identified as Sturm–Liouville problems (SLP) and are named after J. C. F. Sturm and J. Liouville, who studied them in the mid-1800s. SLPs have an infinite number of eigenvalues ...
Robin boundary conditions are commonly used in solving Sturm–Liouville problems which appear in many contexts in science and engineering. In addition, the Robin boundary condition is a general form of the insulating boundary condition for convection–diffusion equations. Here, the convective and diffusive fluxes at the boundary sum to zero: