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The flowers are arranged in spikes on the ends of branches which continue to grow after flowering, sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. The spikes contain 5 to 18 groups of flowers in threes and are up to 40 mm (2 in) in diameter and 20–50 mm (0.8–2 in) long. The petals are about 3 mm (0.1 in) long and fall off as the flower ages.
The inflorescence base is almost spherical to conical. The chaff leaves are 3 to 7 millimetres (1 ⁄ 8 to 1 ⁄ 4 in) long. [5] In a flower basket there are 8–12 ray flowers and 150 to over 300 tubular disk flowers. The golden-yellow rays are 1.5 to 5 cm long and 4 to 14 mm (1 ⁄ 8 to 1 ⁄ 2 in) wide and are later repulsed.
The leaves are simple, narrowly oblanceolate to linear, and borne in whorls of six to eight. [10] [11] [12] Cleavers have tiny, star-shaped, white to greenish flowers, which emerge from early spring to summer. The flowers are clustered in groups of two or three, and are borne out of the leaf axils. [13] The corolla bears 4 petals. [14]
The flowers are yellow, 2.5–4 cm in diameter and produced in large compound raceme up to 20 cm long. Pollens are approximately 50 microns in size. The fruit is a pod 5–10 cm long and 2.5 cm broad, red at first, ripening black, and containing one to four seeds. Trees begin to flower after about four years. [4] [5]
L. japonicum is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing to 2–5 meters (6 ft 7 in – 16 ft 5 in)—rarely 6 meters (20 ft)—tall, with smooth, pale grey-brown bark on the stems. The leaves are opposite, 5–10 cm long and 2–5 cm broad, glossy dark green above, paler glaucous to yellowish green below, thick and leathery textured, and with ...
The leaves are pinnate, 15–40 cm (6–16 in) long, rarely to 50 cm (20 in), with 7–15 leaflets 3–8 cm long, with a deeply serrated margin; the larger leaflets at the midpoint of the leaf are sometimes themselves pinnate but the leaves are not consistently fully bipinnate as in the related Koelreuteria bipinnata.
Velvetleaf's leaves are large and heart-shaped with pointed tips at their ends, which grow alternately at different points along the length of the stem. The leaves are attached to thick, long stems, and when crushed, release an odor. [4] The plant's flowers are yellow and grow up to an inch in diameter, with five petals attached at the base.
In mature plants, the leaves are followed by production of a stiff, cylindrical scape (flower stalk) that is 10–80 cm (4–30 in) tall, 1–5 mm (0.04–0.2 in) diameter, and is mostly smooth although sometimes scabrous at the base. [4] [5] At the top of the scape are several thin green bracts that enclose the developing buds. [4]